A2B-AR and a2C-AR. (B) Ligand dosedependent binding of a2A-AR in intact SPI-1005 site HEK293 cells. HEK293 cells cultured on 6-well plates were transfected with a2A-AR and then split onto 24-well plates. The cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of [3H]-RX821002 (0.3125, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 
and 20 nM) and the ligand bound to the receptor was measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry as described in the “Materials and Methods”. The nonspecific binding was determined in the presence of rauwolscine (10 mM). Similar results were obtained in at least three different experiments. (C) Quantification of the cell-surface and total expression of a2A-AR and its mutants 1676428 in which Leu64 and Lys65 were mutated to Ala individually or in combination. (D) Quantification of the cell-surface and total expression of a2B-AR and its mutants in which Leu48 and Arg49 were mutated to Ala. In (C) and (D), HEK293 cells were transfected with a2-AR and the cell-surface expression of the receptors was measured by intact cell binding assays using [3H]-RX821002 at 20 nM. The mean values of specific [3H]-RX821002 binding werea2-AR Export and Cell-Surface Expression272556415 and 167856452 cpm from cells transfected with wild-type (WT) a2A-AR and a2B-AR, buy 80-49-9 respectively. Wild-type a2A-AR and a2B-AR and their mutants were tagged with GFP and transiently expressed in HEK293 cells. Total receptor expression was determined by flow cytometry measuring the GFP signal as described in the “Materials and Methods”. (E) Quantification 1662274 of the cell-surface expression of a2AAR and its mutants by flow cytometry. HEK293 cells were transfected with HA-tagged a2A-AR or its individual mutant and the cell-surface expression of the receptors was measured by flow cytometry following staining with anti-HA antibodies in nonpermeabilized cells as described in the “Materials and Methods”. The data shown in (C), (D), and (E) are percentages of the mean value obtained from cells transfected with wild-type a2-AR and are presented as the mean 6 S.E. of at least three different experiments. *, p,0.05 versus respective WT a2-AR. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050416.gmeasure the cell-surface expression of HA-tagged a2A-AR and its mutants K65R, K65E and K65Q (Fig. 3B). Consistent with the measurement of the cell-surface expression by ligand binding and flow cytometry, analysis of the subcellular distribution of the receptors showed that wild-type a2A-AR and its mutant K65R strongly expressed at the cell surface, whereas the mutants K65E and K65Q were largely accumulated inside the cell, unable to transport to the cell surface in both HEK293 and HeLa cells (Fig. 3C).Functional Regulation of a2A-AR by Mutation of LysWe then sought to determine if the mutation of Lys65 could alter the function of a2A-AR by using the agonist-mediated activation 
of ERK/12 as readout. HEK293 cells were transiently transfected with a2A-AR and its mutants K65R and K65A and their abilities to activate ERK1/2 in response to stimulation with the a2-AR agonist UK14,304 were compared. ERK1/2 were activated by UK14,304 in a dose-dependent fashion in cells expressing a2A-AR and the dose-dependent activation of ERK1/2 was clearly inhibited in cells transfected with the mutant K65A (Fig. 4A and 4B). In contrast, ERK1/2 activation by UK14,304 was significantly higher in cells expressing the mutant K65R than in cells expressing wild-type a2A-AR (Fig. 4A and 4B). These data are consistent with the opposing effects of Lys65 mutation t.A2B-AR and a2C-AR. (B) Ligand dosedependent binding of a2A-AR in intact HEK293 cells. HEK293 cells cultured on 6-well plates were transfected with a2A-AR and then split onto 24-well plates. The cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of [3H]-RX821002 (0.3125, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 nM) and the ligand bound to the receptor was measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry as described in the “Materials and Methods”. The nonspecific binding was determined in the presence of rauwolscine (10 mM). Similar results were obtained in at least three different experiments. (C) Quantification of the cell-surface and total expression of a2A-AR and its mutants 1676428 in which Leu64 and Lys65 were mutated to Ala individually or in combination. (D) Quantification of the cell-surface and total expression of a2B-AR and its mutants in which Leu48 and Arg49 were mutated to Ala. In (C) and (D), HEK293 cells were transfected with a2-AR and the cell-surface expression of the receptors was measured by intact cell binding assays using [3H]-RX821002 at 20 nM. The mean values of specific [3H]-RX821002 binding werea2-AR Export and Cell-Surface Expression272556415 and 167856452 cpm from cells transfected with wild-type (WT) a2A-AR and a2B-AR, respectively. Wild-type a2A-AR and a2B-AR and their mutants were tagged with GFP and transiently expressed in HEK293 cells. Total receptor expression was determined by flow cytometry measuring the GFP signal as described in the “Materials and Methods”. (E) Quantification 1662274 of the cell-surface expression of a2AAR and its mutants by flow cytometry. HEK293 cells were transfected with HA-tagged a2A-AR or its individual mutant and the cell-surface expression of the receptors was measured by flow cytometry following staining with anti-HA antibodies in nonpermeabilized cells as described in the “Materials and Methods”. The data shown in (C), (D), and (E) are percentages of the mean value obtained from cells transfected with wild-type a2-AR and are presented as the mean 6 S.E. of at least three different experiments. *, p,0.05 versus respective WT a2-AR. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050416.gmeasure the cell-surface expression of HA-tagged a2A-AR and its mutants K65R, K65E and K65Q (Fig. 3B). Consistent with the measurement of the cell-surface expression by ligand binding and flow cytometry, analysis of the subcellular distribution of the receptors showed that wild-type a2A-AR and its mutant K65R strongly expressed at the cell surface, whereas the mutants K65E and K65Q were largely accumulated inside the cell, unable to transport to the cell surface in both HEK293 and HeLa cells (Fig. 3C).Functional Regulation of a2A-AR by Mutation of LysWe then sought to determine if the mutation of Lys65 could alter the function of a2A-AR by using the agonist-mediated activation of ERK/12 as readout. HEK293 cells were transiently transfected with a2A-AR and its mutants K65R and K65A and their abilities to activate ERK1/2 in response to stimulation with the a2-AR agonist UK14,304 were compared. ERK1/2 were activated by UK14,304 in a dose-dependent fashion in cells expressing a2A-AR and the dose-dependent activation of ERK1/2 was clearly inhibited in cells transfected with the mutant K65A (Fig. 4A and 4B). In contrast, ERK1/2 activation by UK14,304 was significantly higher in cells expressing the mutant K65R than in cells expressing wild-type a2A-AR (Fig. 4A and 4B). These data are consistent with the opposing effects of Lys65 mutation t.