Berto S. Albuquerque1, Maurice J. Tauber1 Laborat io de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, CCTA, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 28013-602 2 Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2601 and Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CACorresponding author: Catherine A. Tauber ([email protected]); Gilberto S. Albuquerque ([email protected])Academic editor: A. Contreras-Ramos | Received 14 October 2012 | Accepted 27 December 2012 | Published 1 February 2013 Citation: Silva PS, Tauber CA, Albuquerque GS, Tauber MJ (2013) Larvae of five horticulturally important get Cyclosporin A species of Chrysopodes (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae): shared generic features, descriptions and keys. ZooKeys 262: 39?2. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.262.Abstract An expanded list of generic level larval characteristics is presented for Chrysopodes; it includes a reinterpretation of the mesothoracic and metathoracic structure and setation. Keys, descriptions and images of Semaphoront A (first instar) and Semaphoront B (second and third instars) are offered for identifying five species of Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) that are commonly reported from horticultural habitats in the Neotropical region. Resumo Uma lista expandida das caracter ticas larvais em n el de g ero ?apresentada para Chrysopodes, incluindo a reinterpreta o da estrutura e das cerdas do mesot ax e metat ax. Chaves, descri es e imagens do semaforonte A (primeiro instar) e semaforonte B (segundo e terceiro instares) s fornecidas para a identifica o de cinco esp ies de Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) comumente encontradas em habitats hort olas na regi Neotropical. Keywords Systematics, immature stages, Neotropical lacewings, comparative morphologyCopyright Catherine A. Tauber et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Patr ia S. Silva et al. / ZooKeys 262: 39?2 (2013)introduction Chrysopodes is one of the main groups of predaceous insects that have value in the biological control of arthropod pests in Neotropical agriculture (Albuquerque et al. 2001, Freitas and Penny 2001, Silva et al. 2007, Gonzalez Olazo and Heredia 2010). The genus is widespread and relatively large; it occurs throughout all of tropical and subtropical America and presently it consists of 47 species (Tauber et al. 2012). Many species in the genus are commonly found in disturbed habitats, most often in orchards and plantations. One species is reported from the United States (see Tauber 2003, Tauber and Flint 2010), substantially more from Mexico and Central America, and many more from South America. Nav (1913) described Chrysopodes on the basis of the external adult features of a single species. Subsequent researchers included 30 additional species in the genus, recognized generically distinctive genitalic characteristics, and divided the group into two subgenera: Chrysopodes with sickle-shaped mandibles and Neosuarius with broadly-tipped mandibles (Adams and Penny 1985, Brooks and Barnard 1990; also see Banks 1945). Thereafter, other species of Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) were described (Penny 1998, 2001, 2002, Freitas and Penny 2001, Tauber et al. 2012), and the subgenus Chrysopodes (Neosuarius) was LIMKI 3 site revised (Tauber 2010). The subgenus Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes.Berto S. Albuquerque1, Maurice J. Tauber1 Laborat io de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, CCTA, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 28013-602 2 Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2601 and Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CACorresponding author: Catherine A. Tauber ([email protected]); Gilberto S. Albuquerque ([email protected])Academic editor: A. Contreras-Ramos | Received 14 October 2012 | Accepted 27 December 2012 | Published 1 February 2013 Citation: Silva PS, Tauber CA, Albuquerque GS, Tauber MJ (2013) Larvae of five horticulturally important species of Chrysopodes (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae): shared generic features, descriptions and keys. ZooKeys 262: 39?2. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.262.Abstract An expanded list of generic level larval characteristics is presented for Chrysopodes; it includes a reinterpretation of the mesothoracic and metathoracic structure and setation. Keys, descriptions and images of Semaphoront A (first instar) and Semaphoront B (second and third instars) are offered for identifying five species of Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) that are commonly reported from horticultural habitats in the Neotropical region. Resumo Uma lista expandida das caracter ticas larvais em n el de g ero ?apresentada para Chrysopodes, incluindo a reinterpreta o da estrutura e das cerdas do mesot ax e metat ax. Chaves, descri es e imagens do semaforonte A (primeiro instar) e semaforonte B (segundo e terceiro instares) s fornecidas para a identifica o de cinco esp ies de Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) comumente encontradas em habitats hort olas na regi Neotropical. Keywords Systematics, immature stages, Neotropical lacewings, comparative morphologyCopyright Catherine A. Tauber et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Patr ia S. Silva et al. / ZooKeys 262: 39?2 (2013)introduction Chrysopodes is one of the main groups of predaceous insects that have value in the biological control of arthropod pests in Neotropical agriculture (Albuquerque et al. 2001, Freitas and Penny 2001, Silva et al. 2007, Gonzalez Olazo and Heredia 2010). The genus is widespread and relatively large; it occurs throughout all of tropical and subtropical America and presently it consists of 47 species (Tauber et al. 2012). Many species in the genus are commonly found in disturbed habitats, most often in orchards and plantations. One species is reported from the United States (see Tauber 2003, Tauber and Flint 2010), substantially more from Mexico and Central America, and many more from South America. Nav (1913) described Chrysopodes on the basis of the external adult features of a single species. Subsequent researchers included 30 additional species in the genus, recognized generically distinctive genitalic characteristics, and divided the group into two subgenera: Chrysopodes with sickle-shaped mandibles and Neosuarius with broadly-tipped mandibles (Adams and Penny 1985, Brooks and Barnard 1990; also see Banks 1945). Thereafter, other species of Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) were described (Penny 1998, 2001, 2002, Freitas and Penny 2001, Tauber et al. 2012), and the subgenus Chrysopodes (Neosuarius) was revised (Tauber 2010). The subgenus Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes.