Ctronics Research Institute, Cairo 11843, Egypt; [email protected] (M.M.
Ctronics Research Institute, Cairo 11843, Egypt; [email protected] (M.M.R.); [email protected] (Y.A.) Electrical Power Division, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; [email protected] Electrical Engineering Department, Valley Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Science Valley Academy, Qalubia 44971, Egypt; [email protected] Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering at Wadi Addawaser, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Addawaser 11991, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] Electrical Engineering Department, Aswan Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81542, Egypt Energy Technologies Program, College of Engineering Technologies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Correspondence: [email protected]: Refaat, M.M.; Aleem, S.H.E.A.; Atia, Y.; Ali, Z.M.; El-Shahat, A.; Sayed, M.M. A Mathematical Method to Simultaneously Plan Generation and Solvent violet 9 Technical Information transmission Expansion Primarily based on Fault Present Limiters and Reliability Constraints. Mathematics 2021, 9, 2771. https:// doi.org/10.3390/math9212771 Academic Editor: Nicu Bizon Received: 4 October 2021 Accepted: 25 October 2021 Published: 1 NovemberAbstract: Nowadays, generation and transmission expansion CAY10502 Cancer arranging (G TEP) to meet possible load growth is restricted by reliability constraints and the presence of uncertainties. This study proposes the reliability constrained arranging approach for integrated renewable power sources and transmission expansion considering fault present limiter (FCL) placement and sizing and N-1 security. Furthermore, an approach for dealing with uncertain events is adopted. The proposed organizing model translates into a mixed-integer non-linear programming model, that is complex and not simple to resolve. The issue was formulated as a tri-level problem, as well as a hybridization framework involving metaheuristic and mathematical optimization algorithms was introduced to avoid linearization errors and simplify the option. For this reason, three meta-heuristic tactics have been tested. The proposed methodology was carried out on the Egyptian West Delta method. The numerical results demonstrated the efficiency of integrating G TEP and FCL allocation difficulties in improving power technique reliability. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the hybridization algorithm in solving the recommended dilemma was validated by comparison with other optimization algorithms. Search phrases: generation and transmission expansion organizing; renewable power sources; fault existing limiters; N-1 security; optimization algorithmsPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.1. Introduction The generation and transmission expansion preparing (G TEP) difficulty is one of the most debated topics within academia and decision-makers within the power sector. G TEP is concerned with identifying an optimum approach for exactly where, when, and how many generation and transmission facilities need to meet the load growth though preserving the energy system’s reliability and safety functionality [1,2]. G TEP tasks are generally performed individually in lieu of in an integrated way. Separated generation and transmission expansion planning workouts hardly ever result in optimal overall arranging and operating costs [1]. Various constraints have already been suggested inside the literature to shape a lot more realistic G TEP models [4]. The presented methodologies to deal with the G TEP trouble could be grouped into f.