.Author Contributions: Conceptualization, V.V., D.M.-M. and C.A.
.Author Contributions: Conceptualization, V.V., D.M.-M. and C.A.A.-R.; methodology, computer software, and validation, V.V., D.M., T.T.D.D., X.L.R., W.K.K.K., C.D., B.S., S.M., F.B. and P.C.; fabrication, C.D., B.S., S.M., F.B.; manuscript writing, reviewing, and editing, V.V., D.M., T.T.D.D., X.L.R., W.K.K.K., C.D., B.S., S.M., F.B., P.C., E.C., D.M.-M., L.V. and C.A.A.-R. All authors have read and agreed to the published version from the manuscript. Funding: This operate was partially supported by Technological Research Institute (IRT) Nanoelectronics Nano 2022 and Important Project of Frequent European interest (IPCEI). Institutional Assessment Board Statement: Not Sunset Yellow FCF Description applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: The data presented within this study are available in the corresponding author upon request. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Copyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This short article is an open access post distributed beneath the terms and conditions in the Inventive Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ four.0/).Metallic materials are crystalline in nature, with translational symmetry; that is certainly, their constituent atoms are arranged in the space, using a standard and periodic style [1]. The classic notion of long-range atomic arrangement metals revolutionized in 1960 when Duwez and his team synthesized an Au5 at. Si alloy in the glassy state by quickly solidifying the melt with an extraordinary cooling rate approaching a million degrees per second [2]. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern from the as-rapidly soldificated Au75 Si25 alloy revealed no crystalline peaks. On the other hand, it demonstrated a couple of broad andNanomaterials 2021, 11, 2952. https://doi.org/10.3390/nanohttps://www.mdpi.com/journal/nanomaterialsNanomaterials 2021, 11,2 ofdiffuse peaks. This implied the presence of a noncrystalline structure and formation of amorphous phase. Since the 1st pioneer investigation for preparing amorphous metallic alloys, practically all amorphous materials happen to be synthesized exclusively by speedy solidification of melts or vapors [3], atomic disordering of crystalline lattices [4], solid-state amorphization reaction involving pure components [5], and solid-state transformations from metastable phases [6]. On top of that and extremely importantly, Yeh et al. [7] found the dissolution of hydrogen gas in crystalline Zr3 Rh results in amorphous Zr3 RhH5.five . It was demonstrated that chemical energies may very well be employed to drive a solid-state crystal-to-amorphous transformation. Simply because hydrogen atoms are compact, they will simply diffuse in crystalline intermetallics of significant unit cells, allowing the reaction to take place at Cysteinylglycine MedChemExpress temperatures decrease than the amorphous hydride’s crystallization temperature. This strategy has so far been applied to make a range of amorphous alloys [8,9]. Herd et al. [5] reported but an additional sort of solid-state amorphization reaction once they discovered that metals, including tellurium, selenium, and silicon, can diffuse into amorphous semiconductors at low temperatures. In 1983, Schwarz and Johnson demonstrated the very first reaction of two pure crystalline metals to kind a single phase of an amorphous alloy [10]. Thin films of pure gold and lanthanum some tenths of a nanometer thick have been totally reacted at 343 K in a matter of kiloseconds [10]. Rutherford back-scattering spectroscopic (RBS) marker experiments on a Ni/Zr d.