Ler than the minimum worth of samples in the present study, or, 5.41 and 1.38 /cm2 , respectively, for OC and EC. 2.five. Backward Trajectory and Hotspots Backward trajectories of air mass movement in 72 h Sutezolid References arriving at the sampling web-sites had been determined at 500 m above ground level (a.g.l.) by using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model version four (HYSPLIT4) [42], following preceding reports on backward trajectories in Indonesia [27,43]. This is a kind of compromise between the limitation in the model and also the information observed at the ground surface [44]. The information for hotspots, a marker of open biomass burning evaluated from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Olesoxime custom synthesis satellite remote sensing imagery, was utilised to discuss the level of open burning a 1 km 1 km resolution [45] to get a medium and high self-confidence level. The number of MODIS hotspots supplied by NASA was counted and made use of to decide the relation involving the number of hotspots and characteristics of PMs. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1. Particle Mass Concentration 3.1.1. PM Mass Concentration The mass concentrations of PMs in every size range averaged for the diurnal (D) and nocturnal (N) periods are shown in Figure 2a,b, respectively, at the roadside (RS) along with the riverside (RV) web pages. The 12 h mean, minimum and maximum values are summarized in Table 1. The values for PM size categories, or, PM0.1/1/2.5/10 and total suspended particulate (TSP), are also listed in Table 1. The diurnal minimum, mean, and maximum concentrations of PM0.1 at the RS internet site were 11.7, 14.0 1.six and 16.two /m3 , even though the corresponding nocturnal levels increased to 21.5, 24.7 two.9, and 29.two /m3 , respectively. These values are somewhat comparable to a case in one more city in Indonesia (see Table S3), even though they were slightly less in the diurnal period and about two times bigger in the nocturnal period [27]. The present diurnal average for the PM0.1 fraction within the roadside environment (19.4 /m3 ) was higher than values reported for other cities in Southeast Asia (SEA), as listed in Table S3. Diurnal and nocturnal average fractions of each size range of particles had been compared between the RS and RV internet sites, along with the outcomes are shown in Figure 3. The percentage of PM0.1 fraction was around 17 19 larger than that for other countries [46,47]. Nonetheless, it was not substantially various in terms of the place and time period. The typical levels of PM2.5 and PM10 at all internet sites regularly exceeded the WHO recommendations (25 and 50 /m3 , respectively) for 24 h. On the other hand, the everyday typical PM2.5 value at the RV website (53 13.9 /m3 ) was still beneath the national air top quality requirements (the Indonesian Government No. 22/2021; 55 and 75 /m3 for PM2.5 and PM10 , respectively) [48]. These final results recommend that the PM mass concentration and its behavior have been rather comparable and constant with other locations in SEA.Appl. Sci. 2021, 11,6 ofTable 1. The day-to-day imply, minimum, and maximum of size-segregated PMs in roadside and riverside, Jambi City, Indonesia.Roadside Size Imply 0.1 0.1.5 0.5.0 1.0.five two.50 10 14.0 .six 11.1 .five 16.9 .5 16.five .three 26.4 .4 15.2 .four Diurnal ( /m3 ) Min 11.7 9.3 14.4 13.3 17.7 12.9 Max 16.two 13.4 21.8 20.4 31.3 17.1 Mean 24.7 .9 14.4 .four 33.2 .1 27.1 .eight 39.five .three 24.0 .8 Nocturnal ( /m3 ) Min 21.five ten.0 28.5 18.0 36.0 21.five Max 29.two 21.three 37.0 32.four 43.5 28.3 Everyday ( /m3 ) Imply 19.4 .2 12.7 .5 25.0 .8 21.8 .0 32.9 .4 19.six .1 D/N (-) Imply 0.57 .05 0.80 .15 0.51 .09 0.63 .14 0.67 .09 0.65 .