Ncreased hepatic toxicity with investigational chemotherapy was a concern (3), which precluded the use of voriconazole orMay 2014 Volume 58 Numberaac.asm.orgGomes et al.TABLE 2 Clinical and treatment-associated risk factors for IFI and mortality amongst AML sufferers who received voriconazole/posaconazole versus echinocandin main antifungal prophylaxisDemographic or clinical characteristicp Male, n ( ) Median age (IQR), yrs Race, white, n ( ) Admission towards the HEPA filter area in the course of FRIC, n ( ) Underlying circumstances,a n ( ) Lung disease or infectionb Bacterial infectionc Cardiovascular disease or situation Diabetes mellitus or induced hyperglycemiad Renal failuree Abnormal liver testf Other malignancyg Chemotherapy na e WHO AML classifications,h n ( ) Therapy-related AML MDS-related alterations Recurrent genetic abnormalities Myeloid sarcoma Acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage Not otherwise specified Cytogenetic threat group,i n ( ) Favorable Intermediate I Intermediate II Adverse FRIC protocol, n ( ) Cytarabine-containing regimen Other regimen Investigational chemotherapyj Clofarabine-containing protocolk All round remission,l n ( ) Neutropenia (ANC 500 cells/mm3) At start off of PAP drug, n ( ) Median no. of episodes (IQR) Median duration (IQR),m days Key antifungal prophylaxis Median no. of days to start PAP immediately after FRIC, (IQR) Median duration of prophylaxis (IQR),n days Prophylaxis periods 5 days,n n ( ) Concomitant fluconazole use, n ( ) Voriconazole/ posaconazole Echinocandin (n 42) (n 38) P 26 (62) 66 (381) 33 (79) 10 (24) 23 (61) 69 (617) 30 (79) 16 (42) 0.9 0.03 0.97 0.TABLE 2 (Continued)Demographic or clinical characteristicp Voriconazole/ posaconazole Echinocandin (n 42) (n 38) P 21 (39) 0.Median duration of fluconazole use 11 (51) (days),o IQRa b11 (26) 9 (21) 15 (36) 6 (14) 7 (17) five (12) 6 (14) 38 (90)7 (18) three (eight) 11 (29) 7 (18) 7 (18) 4 (11) eight (21) 35 (92)0.41 0.12 0.52 0.62 0.84 0.99 0.43 0.1/41 (2) 15/41 (37) 12/41 (29) 1/41 (two) 0/41 (0) 13/41 (32)3/38 (5) 13/38 (34) 8/38 (21) 1/38 (3) 1/38 (3) 14/38 (37)0.Omaveloxolone 61 0.Insulin lispro 83 0.PMID:24118276 4 0.99 0.48 0.At-hospital admission or history. Lung infection at hospital admission or concomitant to AML history. c At-hospital admission or concomitant to AML history according to patient’s treating physician determined by clinical, microbiology, and antibiotic prescription information. d Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus or induced hyperglycemia (glucose 200 mg/dl). e Diagnosis of renal failure or possibly a 50 boost in serum creatinine level. f Diagnosis of liver disease or abnormal liver blood tests (serum alanine aminotransferase and/or aspartate aminotransferase levels 3.0 upper limit of normality [ULN] and/or total bilirubin 1.five ULN). g Strong cancers in breast (9 individuals), skin (7), prostate (four), parotid (2), thyroid (1), vocal cord (1) and cervix uteri (1); chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (two); acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1); Hodgkin’s lymphoma (1); not specified (three individuals). h Information are from Vardiman et al. (20). i Data are from Estey (21). j Eleven investigational chemotherapy protocols. k Three investigational clofarabine-containing protocols in FRIC (see footnote to Table 1). l Overall remission as described by Faderl et al. (9). m Thinking of all episodes of neutropenia. n Prophylaxis period, prophylaxis with identical drug and formulation without the need of discontinuation. o Duration per prophylaxis period. p AML, acute myeloid leukemia; ANC, absolute neutrophil count; FRIC, initial remission-induction chemotherapy; HEPA, high-efficiency.