Ually the enlarging females broke {through|via|by means of|by
Ually the enlarging females broke via the root surface. Even though egg production around the distinct B. distachyon lines were very variable, most have been far better hosts for M. graminis than M. incognita with an average of about 300 eggs/egg mass and approximately five occasions larger egg population density than M. incognita based on root length. The very first eggs of both species had been observed in the growth pouches soon after 27 days. In Stattic site several growth pouches fungal growth occurred that created on plant material and made abundant dark and hairy globose perithecia. The fungus was identified by ITS rDNA sequence analysis as Chaetomium globosum, a frequent endophyte and seedborne fungus linked with many plant species. While no obvious effects on root-knot nematodes were observed, its possible influence on pathogen-host interactions calls for additional investigations. FIELD Damage Caused BY PRATYLENCHUL ALLENI ON SOYBEAN IN QUEBEC, CANADA. Belair, G., and B. Mimee. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, Canada J3B 3E6. In 2011, irregular yellowish/chlorotic soybean patches with reduced development were observed for the very first time within a 10-ha soybean field grown on a light texture soil in St. Anicet, Quebec. Previously in corn, this field was sown with soybean PRO 2715R, a Roundup Readycultivar. Soil analysis revealed a uniform pH of 6.0 on a gravely sandy soil. On October 7, 2011, plants have been harvested and, soil and root samples had been collected from ten randomly chosen broken patches. From each and every patch, 3 samples were systematically recovered, 1 from the center from the patch, and 2 samples around the ridge on the patch, exhibiting typical development. Five extra random samples were collected from a symptomless zone as handle. A 1x1m quadrat was utilised because the sampling unit location. The numbers of nematodes in roots had been estimated by putting fresh roots within a mist chamber for a 14-day extraction period. Nematode specimens had been stored in tap water at 48C just before identification. According to morphological characters, twenty-six specimens were examined (14 females, 11 males, a single juvenile) and were all identified as Pratylenchus alleni Ferris, 1961. Yield of each plot was also recorded immediately after drying the plants at 678C for 4 days. Our final results showed a yield reduction of 46 in symptomatic plots (2.16 t/ha) compared with controls (4.05 t/ha) and 41 lower when in comparison to the edge with the patch (three.65 t/ha). Root samples showed an typical of 111959 P. alleni/g dry root in broken zones whilst 33511 and 52404 nematodes/g dry roots have been recovered from control and ridge respectively. Pratylenchus alleni was found in all soil and root samples. Inside the United states, the pathogenicity of P. alleni in soybean has been effectively established. That is the first report of field harm caused by a root-lesion nematode in Quebec and can also be the very first detection of P. alleni in Canada. AN UNDESCRIBED SPECIES OF PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20059530 ANGUINIDAE PARASITIZING THE MOSS HYPNUM CUPRESSIFORME. Bernard1, Ernest C., J. Hentschel2, and P.G. Davison3. 1Entomology and Plant Pathology Dept., University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive, Room 205, Knoxville, TN 37996-4500; 2Friedrich Schiller University, Dept. of Systematic Botany, Herbarium Haussknecht (JE), Furstengraben 1, 07740 Jena, Thuringen, Germany; and 3Box 5232, Dept. of Biology, University of North Alabama, Florence, AL 35632. Nematode-induced galls on mosses have been reported quite a few times in the literature, but in only several instances possess the nem.