Difference among males and females. Participants described their parent’s marital status as 62 married, 7 single, 19 divorced, and 12 separated. When living at property, 78 of participants reported living with their mothers, 68 living with fathers, 13 living with grandparent(s), and 11 living with an additional relative. A total of 72 self-identified as members from the Yup’ik Alaska Native cultural linguistic group, followed by Inupiat (21 ), Athabaskan (11 ), Aleut/Alutiq (6 ), and Tlingit/Haida (4 ). Some folks identified with two or additional ethnic categories. Measures Item pool Adult Self-Mastery: Pearlin et al. (1981) initially created the Mastery scale as an adult measure of private sense of manage in overcoming life troubles. The scale consists of seven items rated on a four-point Likert-type scale, assessing the extent to which folks perceive themselves as getting control over the circumstances that impact their lives. Representative things incorporate “I can do just about something I definitely set my thoughts to,” and “What happens to me within the future mainly is dependent upon me.” Internal consistency reported by Hobfoll, Jackson, et al. (2002) was = .72. Adult Communal Mastery: The Communal Mastery scale (Jackson, McKenzie, Hobfoll, 2000) is often a 10-item measure itself initially adapted from the Mastery Scale (Pearlin et al., 1981) and the Self-Efficacy Scale (Schwarzer, 1993) to measure coping approaches from a extra collectivist orientation. Representative products include things like “Working together with family and friends I can resolve a lot of Imazamox troubles I’ve,” and “What occurs to me in the future depends on my capability to operate nicely with others,” to which people respond on a fourpoint Likert scale. Internal consistency for this scale was = .74 (Hobfoll, Jackson, et al., 2002). We adapted these mastery measures for youth. Validity measures Youth Neighborhood Assistance: The Youth Community Help scale is actually a three-item subscale adapted from the People’s Awakening Yup’ik Protective Components scale for adults (Allen et al., 2006). The Youth Neighborhood Assistance scale taps youth perceptions with regards to the presence and extent of assistance as a protective aspects readily available to young people today in the neighborhood generally, outside of loved ones and friendship. Representative items consist of “People PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2105157 assistance me” and “People are accessible to me for suggestions.”NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptPsychol Assess. Author manuscript; accessible in PMC 2013 June 01.Fok et al.PageReligious Involvement: Youth’s degree of involvement with formal religion was assessed by way of two products. On a single item the youth rated the significance of church in their life as not at all, somewhat, or seriously significant, and on a second item, youth rated church attendance through certainly one of five radio buttons, as less than once a year, 1? times a year, 1? occasions a month, three? times a month, or at least as soon as a week. Alaska Native Cultural Identification: The Alaska Native Cultural Identification scale is an eight-item scale adapted in the item set from the Orthogonal Cultural Identification scale (Oetting Beauvais, 1990?991), a strategy of assessment of bicultural identities among ethnic minority youth. The Alaska Native Cultural Identification scale utilizes two item stems, worded utilizing descriptors our focus group perform located locally understandable: “How a great deal you reside by or comply with the [Native/White American] way of life?” and “How considerably do you speak [Native language/English]?” Since.